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Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), founded in 1967 and based in Batavia, Illinois, is, after CERN, the second largest high energy physics laboratory in the world. The organization includes accelerator, accelerator physics, particle physics, particle astrophysics, and other divisions and research centers. It provides over 2,000 thousand high energy physics scientists with basic research resources. Scientists have conducted studies on quantum gravity, quarks, leptons, particle mass, and other subjects. Major components of the Standard Model of Fundamental Particles and Forces were discovered at the laboratory. The organization is known for its International Linear Collider, Meson Test Beam, SNAP, NOvA, MINERvA, COUPP, and DONUT projects and experiments. Fermilab's Tevatron cryogenic system, which began operating in 1983, is the highest-energy particle accelerator in the world. It is four miles in circumference and features 1,000 superconducting magnets. The two-mile Main Injector accelerator increases proton-antiproton collisions in the Tevatron. Fermilab also operates the CDF and DZero collider detectors. The laboratory is based on a 6,800-acre site. The land also houses a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) National Environmental Research Park. Fermilab has an operating budget of over $260 million.
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