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Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) was founded in 1931 by Ernest Orlando Lawrence, inventor of the cyclotron and winner of the 1939 Nobel Prize in physics. The laboratory conducts research on quantitative biology, nanoscience, energy, environmental, integrated computing, and other subjects. It is the oldest of the United States Department of Energy's National Laboratories. The organization is located on a 183-acre site near the University of California at Berkeley. It is managed by the university. Berkeley Lab encompasses 17 scientific divisions, including the Accelerator & Fusion Research, Advanced Light Source, Chemical Sciences, Earth Sciences, Joint Genome Institute, and Nuclear Science units. The organization also hosts the Advanced Light Source, Energy Sciences Network (ESnet), National Center for Electron Microscopy, and National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC) Department of Energy facilities. Berkeley Lab's Technology Transfer Department licenses technologies to private industry companies. Revenues are used to pay inventors and support the organization's research programs. Berkeley Lab had a fiscal year 2004 budget of $500 million. It employs 4,300 people, including 1,000 scientists, 1,500 technicians, and 1,000 undergraduate, graduate, and postdoctoral students.
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