The ObjectWeb Consortium was established in 1999 by Bull, France Telecom R&D, and INRIA. It was relaunched as an international consortium in 2002. The nonprofit organization, which includes individuals, companies, and government agencies as members, is hosted by INRIA and the French National Institute for Research in Computer Science and Control. The ObjectWeb Consortium develops a wide range of open source distributed middleware. It focuses on the development of software frameworks, protocols, and other adaptable components. The organization's projects are conducted independently. Research is shared and integrated by ObjectWeb Consortium's College of Architects. Middleware is built on Java 2 Enterprise Edition (J2EE), COBRA, eXtensible Markup Language (XML), GLOBUS, OSGi, and other open standards. The organization is known for its Java Open Source Application Server (JOnAS), which has been downloaded by over 150,000 people. The technology is employed in e-commerce, portal, intranet, document processing, banking, and other applications. JOnAS operates across multiple platforms and supports Oracle, PostreSQL, MySQL, IBM DB2, and other databases. The ObjectWeb Consortium receives financial backing from International Technology for European Advancement (ITEA); the National Network for Research in Telecommunications (RNRT); the National Network for Innovation and Research in Software Technologies (RNTL); the French Ministry of the Economy, Finance and Industry; and the French Ministry of the Recherche and New Technologies. It works with the Integration Consortium, the Foundation for Intelligent Physical Agents (FIPA), the Apache Software Foundation, Enhydra.org, and other standards and open source development organizations.