Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), chartered in 1861 and based in Cambridge, Massachusetts, is a privately endowed university that encompasses science, technology, business, social sciences, and other education and research programs. The institution includes the School of Architecture and Planning, the School of Engineering, the School of Science, and the School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences. It also includes the Sloan School of Management, the Whitaker College of Health Sciences and Technology, and the MIT-WHOI Joint Program in Oceanography and Applied Ocean Science and Engineering. Research units include the Lincoln Laboratory, Broad Institute, the Center for Biomedical Engineering, the Haystack Observatory, the Knight Science Journalism Fellows Program, the Laboratory for Nuclear Science, the Media Laboratory, and the MIT Entrepreneurship Center. The Lincoln Laboratory, based in Lexington, Massachusetts, develops and field tests national security technologies. MIT forms research partnerships with commercial and government organizations. Seventy-one former and current MIT faculty and staff have won Nobel Prizes. Thirty-two former and current faculty and staff have received the National Medal of Science. Approximately 4,000 undergraduate and 6,000 graduate students attend MIT per year. Approximately 2,400 graduate students are from foreign countries.