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It's hard to see the forest of 'singularity' while stuck in the trees of state-of-the-art computer science and robotics. Yet, some visionaries, beginning with computer scientist Vernor Vinge in 1983, foresee an inevitable machine-based immortal future for present-day living creatures as the result of current technological innovations. In addition, the singularity will culminate 'in our lifetimes,' between 2030 and 2045. The hypothesis is currently being theorized by some, including inventor Ray Kurzweil, that humans will abandon their biological shells and digitally upload their individual consciousness into a robot to reside forever. The real mysteries are why otherwise intelligent people would consider it feasible, much less inevitable, and what specific technology actually exists to support the singularity theory. Putting aside any exaggerated, subjective claims, 'real work' is actually ongoing in 'nanotechnology, brain implants and machine learning.' Robotics departments have expanded their disciplines to include developmental, epigenetic and evolutionary work. Hardware and software control and systems are becoming more and more responsive. And AI, by definition, is continuously self-improving while humans sleep. But understanding consciousness and building a digital replica seems 'a long way' beyond present-day Boston Dynamics' BigDog and LittleDog. BigDog was designed to be a field-soldier's mule, to run, walk, climb, and carry heavy equipment and supplies. Although it's able to get up again after falling over obstacles, BigDog isn't yet capable of avoiding obstacles. LittleDog is 'learning to see' before taking its next step, which currently requires an inordinate amount of time for the device to process. Nevertheless, some visionaries insist that there will be an inevitable convergence of wireless communication, ubiquitous computing, nanotechnology, distributed and embedded sensory systems, electronic prosthetic devices and biopharmaceuticals that will end 'human culture as we know it.'
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