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An argument could be made that the worlds second most significant technology cluster, Silicon Wadi (canyon or gorge in Hebrew) in Tel Aviv, is basically a clone of Silicon Valley in California, the worlds most significant technology center, because they have strikingly similar entrepreneurial infrastructures. In both places, corporate hierarchies are hated, risk-taking is rewarded, failure is not tolerated, and there are several elite universities and research centers run by large technology firms. Entrepreneurs have many providers to choose from for legal and other services in both places, where there are plenty of venture-capital (VC) firms providing cash. However, there are many differences too. In 2007, VC firms in Israel invested the most money since 2001, yet that was still less than one-fifth of the approximately $10 billion invested in Silicon Valley. Israeli entrepreneurs are more into hard-core technologies and innovation, partly because of their little market. Israeli high-tech is especially strong in wireless technology. The mindset of the typical Israeli entrepreneur has also helped to mold the business, as Israeli entrepreneurs are more nuts-and-bolts innovators than clever marketers, very well equipped to deal with diversity, and good at improvisation. Hard-charging Israeli entrepreneurs can find it difficult to step down as chief executive when their startup company reaches the stage at which marketing and management become more significant. The focus on innovation and technology, and a lack of interest in marketing and management, are why Israeli entrepreneurs tend to sell out early, primarily to large foreign firms, as opposed to build up their own companies. Israel is still primarily an exporter of startup companies and a research and development center for big technology firms. With such a small country far removed from its markets, Israeli entrepreneurs do not always get the best price for their labors of love.
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