Research into microchimerism, the process where cells are successfully passed between mother and child, is shedding new light on the role they play in their hosts in areas such as autoimmune disease. Research also shows that microchimerism may also play a role in aiding their host body by finding evidence that maternal cells can assist their host in regenerating a pancreas damaged by diabetes. These findings suggest that microchimerism may play a role in developing novel new therapies if a method were found to induce non-native cells to multiply and differentiate in order to restore damaged tissue. Further research into microchimerism is needed because if the acquired cells are attackers, therapies can be developed to neutralize them. If the acquired cells are themselves being attacked, therapies can be developed to address that problem, and if microchimerism is capable of regenerating damaged tissue, research may lead to therapies that harness that ability. The discovery that cells can pass between mother and child and remain to survive heralds the emergence of microchimerism as a new and important area of biology. Still to be examined is the impact, if any, that maternal cells have on neurological development and whether microchimerism can be harnessed to regenerate not just damaged tissue, but damaged nerves stemming from neurodegenerative diseases, as well as whether or not there are any unique consequences to women harboring cells across generations or from multiple children.