Scientists are using Raman spectroscopy for cancer diagnosis. Raman spectroscopy types used have been Fourier transform, ultraviolet resonance, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERVERS, and near-infrared dispersive Raman spectroscopy (NIR). The usual system for measurement of macroscopic Raman spectra is made up of a laser illumination source, a fiber-optic probe, and a spectrograph and CCD (charge-coupled device) to record the spectra. Robust, stable diode lasers that emit NIR light are widely used, and for detection, High-throughput spectrographs for NIR-Raman Spectroscopy are now easily obtained. Silicon-based CCD detector development has also advanced to provide back-illuminated, deep-depletion CCDs that avoid etaloning and permit high resolution Raman spectra to be gathered with short (under 5 seconds) integration times. There is now considerable interest in getting depth-resolved Raman signals from tissues where discrimination could be improved by filtering out signatures from above or below a lesion. In all tissue Raman applications, described data processing steps have to be taken to extract the tissue Raman signal from raw measured spectra. Use of Raman for cancer diagnosis in skin, the breast, the gastrointestinal tract, and the cervix are described. The evidence is very strong that Raman spectroscopy is poised to follow through on its potential to provide real-time, noninvasive, automated diagnosis of various cancers.