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Global positioning system (GPS) technology, GONASS, and Galileo application among civil users of GPS, navigation, and timing services has risen quickly around the globe and has increased the popularity of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) concept. However, as yet there is not a commonly accepted and actional definition of GNSS, which refers to the global civil positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) determination abilities available from one or multiple satellite constellations, which might include GPS in the U.S., the Russian Federation's GLONASS, and the European Union's Galileo system, as well as regional systems that include Japan's QZSS and additions such as the U.S. WAAS and LAAS, the European EGNOS, and India's GAGAN. For instance, the US regards GPS, WAAS, and Nationwide DGPS (NDGPS) as required elements of the GNSS. Internationally, however, only GPS is regarded as a required central element of GNSS. For safe, efficient, and cost-effective implementation and evolution of various GNSS components, it is essential that 'we collectively find ways of accommodating or mitigating the different perspectives. For instance, a possible initial step could be examination of the elements of service that define success from the standpoints of users within the markets that are served by all GNSS systems. That examination could be followed by the look at standards and architectures of systems and services that make up the elements. Frank and honest discussions might not be welcomed by all, but without such, experience to date has not shown that the GNSS concept can ever be actually realized.
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