A discussion of the expansion of nanotechnology enterprise in India notes that India has been very successful in encouraging innovation, with six or seven new companies having been created over the last year. Reasons include globalization, outsourcing, and the desire of companies to reduce costs through research abroad. India also gains from a tradition of excellence in science and technology education, a workforce that speaks English, and western-style patent protection. A spokesman for Cientifica says the benefit of outsourcing research and development (R&D) to India is no mystery: while a clinical trial can cost $1 million elsewhere, the cost of the same work done in India is only $100,000. Cientifica and other companies are outsourcing nanotechnology R&D, and the State University of New Jersey and nanomaterials provider NEI have established a cooperative research program with the international Advanced Research Centre for Power Metallurgy and New Materials in Hyderabad. Large and small companies see opportunities in India and are working there while receiving support from the Indian government. IndiaCo, a private equity group, has set up a non-profit subsidiary called IndiaNano to foster more nanotechnology research and runs joint R&D programs between labs and commercial companies while acting as a domestic clearinghouse for nanotechnology commercialization efforts and organizing industry conferences. Other groups are also organizing conferences, including an international coalition of scientists and executives. The group is collaborating with the Associated Chambers of Commerce in Delhi.