Broadband over power lines (BPL) is getting a boost from recent regulatory and commercial developments, including the work of Current Communications Group, the Networks and Telecommunications Research Group at the University of Dublin, Main.Net Communications, Con Edison, American Electric Power, and Potomac Electric Power. An analyst worries that efficiency and security could be issues, because all data, including information sent from one computer to another in the same residence, is not sent directly over a dedicated wire. Rather it is transferred over the whole net, through the electric grid, and then back to the house. Vendors such as Panasonic, Sony, DirecTV, and EchoStar are working on in-home powerline technology, and might embed it in their devices. Moreover, Motorola announced that it will offer a combined access/in-home BPL technology known as Powerline LV. BPL transmits data via high-frequency radio waves, which move along electric wires. Electricity is sent between 50-60Hz, which is a lower frequency than broadband and avoids interference. Because data has to be massaged due to degradation over longer distances, last mile or access BPL may not become more popular than digital subscriber line (DSL) or cable-modem transmission. However, in-building or in-home BPL would allow a subscriber to use DSL or cable to obtain broadband at home, and then use in-building BPL to spread broadband to computers in separate rooms.