Open source gurus, including Bruce Perens, who is an open source evangelist and a founder of the Open Source Initiative, criticize IBM's patent giveaway. Perens says the IBM effort is a nice start, but 'it's certainly not the finish,' because the patents IBM has decided to make available to the open source developer are only a tiny part of the entire IBM portfolio. Technologies covered by 500 of IBM's software patents are available without royalties to companies or individual developers working on open source software. The move eliminates the threat of a patent lawsuit by IBM. The patents include a wide range of technologies, including data encryption, caching, compression, and language processing. Douglas Heintzman, director of technical software strategy for IBM, says 'We believe that this will promote and drive innovation in our marketplace. Certainly our company will benefit as the rate of innovation accelerates.' Much of IBM's business is associated with open source, especially Linux, so granting patent amnesty is undoubtedly partly motivated by self-interest, says an analyst for RedMonk. Linux creator Linus Torvalds praises IBM's initiative, but says it will not eliminate patent problems. Florian Mueller of NoSoftwarePatents describes the initiative as a set of diversionary tactics. He advises IBM to halt its aggressive patent lobbying in the EU and its unconscionable pressure on small- and mid-sized companies with 'that IBM patent tax.'