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A discussion is provided of the use of electron-multiplying CCDs in such markets as surveillance, defense, and biomedical applications. Electron-multiplying CCDs may provide the performance, sensitivity, and resolution required by the ultralow-light imaging market. They are being considered in the scientific community and the surveillance and defense markets. The high-end detector market is expected to be especially strong over the new few years, with applications that include single-molecule detection and multidimensional live-cell microscopy, as well as Raman spectroscopy. Rate of change will probably speed up due to the competitive environment, with such vendors as Andor working with sensor makers to provide camera packages that greatly increase the potential of the technology. e2v technologies, which provides L3 Vision sensors, and Texas Instruments, which provides Impactron devices, have committed to ongoing development. In addition, there have been important advances in thermoelectric cooling combined with guaranteed vacuum sealing. USB 2.0 and FireWire will also be more widely used as convenient camera interfaces, although they are not as fast as PCI in all cases.
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