The 21st Century Nanotechnology Research and Development Act (S. 189), says an expert, made it through Congress and onto the desk of President Bush, where he signed it, because it had the 'ability to catch the imagination of Washington leaders.' The bill promises jobs and economical development for the future, and in the short term meant more research projects for government labs and universities in just about all Congressional districts. President Bush's signature on 21st Century Nanotechnology Research and Development Act (S. 189) gives nanotechnology the largest amount of funding for basic science and technology since the space race, and funding that formerly was at the discretion of the president is now a mandate. S.189 authorizes $3.7 billion over the next four years for programs and reorganizes government and research groups under the National Nanotechnology Coordinating Office. The final bill is strong and flexible with a ability to at tune itself to emerging research and market developments at op a robust foundation created by the Bush administration and the National Nanotechnology Initiative team. To ensure that the result is a flourishing industrial revolution, government leaders and industry have to work together to create an entrepreneurial arena for nanotechnology and other emerging technologies. Six recommendations for doing so are described and are related to commercialization centers, reform of Bay-Dole, a stronger USPTO, a revised and enlarged ATP, nanotechnology hubs, study of nano business, and public education.